\version "2.11.27"

Mandoline = \relative c'' {
  \tempo 4=72
   \clef treble
   \time 4/4 
c4 c c c
}
upper = \relative c'' {
   \clef treble
   \time 4/4
c4 c c c
}
lower = \relative c {
   \clef bass
   \time 4/4
c4 c c c


}
dynamics = {
  s2\fff\> s4
  s\!\pp
}
pedal = {  }
\score {
  \new PianoStaff <<
    \new Staff = "upper" \upper
    \new Dynamics = "dynamics" \dynamics
    \new Staff = "lower" <<
      \clef bass
      \lower
    >>
    \new Dynamics = "pedal" \pedal
  >>
  \layout {
    \context {
      \type "Engraver_group"
      \name Dynamics
      \alias Voice % So that \cresc works, for example.
      \consists "Output_property_engraver"
      \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
      \override DynamicLineSpanner #'Y-offset = #0
      pedalSustainStrings = #'("Ped." "*Ped." "*")
      pedalUnaCordaStrings = #'("una corda" "" "tre corde")
      \consists  "Piano_pedal_engraver"
      \consists  "Script_engraver"
      \consists  "Dynamic_engraver"
      \consists  "Text_engraver"
      \override TextScript #'font-size = #2
      \override TextScript #'font-shape = #'italic
           \consists "Skip_event_swallow_translator"
           \consists "Axis_group_engraver"
         }
         \context {
           \PianoStaff
           \accepts Dynamics
         }
       }
     }
     \score {
       \new PianoStaff <<
         \new Staff = "upper" << \upper \dynamics >>
         \new Staff = "lower" << \lower \dynamics >>
         \new Dynamics = "pedal" \pedal
       >>
       \midi {   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    midi brauche ich nicht  %%%%%%%%%
         \context {
           \type "Performer_group"
           \name Dynamics
           \consists "Piano_pedal_performer"
         }
         \context {
           \PianoStaff
           \accepts Dynamics
         }
       }
     }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  hier beginnen meine fruchtlosen Versuche  %%%%%%%%%%%%  
     
    \new Voice = "Mandoline" {
       \set Staff.instrumentName = "Mandoline"   
        \Mandoline
   }  
       \new PianoStaff <<
          \set Staff.instrumentName = "Klavier"
         \new Staff = "upper" \upper 
         \new Staff = "lower" \lower 
         
       >>      
 }
         \context 
           \PianoStaff
           \accepts Dynamics
         }
       }
     }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gleich noch ein Problem: für die Solostimme am Anfang "Mandoline" in fontSize = #'-3 linksbündig mit "Klavier" und nächstem System %%%%%%%%%%%%